Semi structured problems page 14

Fall between structured and unstructured problems, having some structured elements and some unstructured elements.

eg's

• Trading bonds
• setting marketing budgets
• capital aquisition analysis

see chart

Problem solving search methods page 162

Analaytical techniques: Use a mathematical formula to derive an optimal solution directly or to predict a certain result. Used primarily for solving structured problems, usually of a tactical or operational nature. areas such as resources allocation, inventory mgt

Algorithms: Step-by-step process for obtaining an optimal solution. Solutions generated and tested for possible improvements. The process continues until no further improvment is possible.

Blind Searching: In conducting a search, a description of a desired outcome may be given. This is called a goal. A set of possible steps leading from the initial consitions to the goal is called the search steps. Problem solving is odne by searching through possible solutions.

Heuristic Searching: Via knowledge, common sense, rule of thumb. Heuristics are the informal, judgemental kowl,edge of an application area that constitute the rules of good judgement in the feild. Domain KNowledge.

Decision-Making versus Problem Solving?

It is tempting to regard only Simon’s ‘choice’ stage as decision-making, with the other stages being classified as problem solving.

Essentially, all four of Simon’s phases are incorporated within both decision-making and problem solving.

• Decision-making requires problem solving.
• Problem-solving requires decision-making.

In this unit of study we use the terms synonymously.

Decision making and problem solving are intimately integrated into each other.